Pysam is a Python package for reading, manipulating, and writing genomics data such as SAM/BAM/CRAM and VCF/BCF files. It's a lightweight wrapper of the HTSlib API, the same one that powers samtools, bcftools, and tabix.
Pysam is a python module for reading and manipulating files in the SAM/BAM format. The SAM/BAM format is a way to store efficiently large numbers of alignments (Li 2009), such as those routinely created by next-generation sequencing methods.