Knowledge space theory by Doignon and Falmagne (1999) <doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58625-5> is a set- and order-theoretical framework, which proposes mathematical formalisms to operationalize knowledge structures in a particular domain. The 'kstMatrix' package provides basic functionalities to generate, handle, and manipulate knowledge structures and knowledge spaces. Opposed to the 'kst' package, 'kstMatrix' uses matrix representations for knowledge structures. Furthermore, 'kstMatrix' contains several knowledge spaces developed by the research group around Cornelia Dowling through querying experts.